Two Proven Approaches to Laser Vision Correction
LASIK and PRK are the two most established laser eye surgery procedures, and both use an excimer laser to precisely reshape the cornea and correct refractive errors including myopia (short-sightedness), hyperopia (long-sightedness), and astigmatism. The key difference is not the laser itself but the way the corneal surface is prepared before laser treatment is applied.
Both procedures have outstanding long-term safety records and produce comparable final visual outcomes. The choice between them comes down to factors specific to each patient: corneal thickness, lifestyle, occupation, and dry eye history.
How LASIK Works
In LASIK, a thin hinged flap is created in the outer layer of the cornea using a femtosecond laser (a bladeless, all-laser technique). This flap is lifted back, the excimer laser reshapes the underlying corneal stroma to correct the refractive error, and the flap is then carefully repositioned. It adheres naturally without sutures.
The main advantage of LASIK is the speed of recovery. Most patients experience dramatically improved vision within 24–48 hours of surgery and can return to work and normal activities very quickly. Discomfort is minimal and usually resolves within hours.
How PRK Works
In PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy), no flap is created. Instead, the very thin surface layer of the cornea (the epithelium) is gently removed, and the excimer laser is applied directly to the corneal surface. A soft bandage contact lens is placed on the eye after surgery to protect the surface while the epithelium regenerates over 3–5 days.
Recovery from PRK is slower than LASIK. Vision is typically blurred and mildly uncomfortable during the first week while the epithelium heals, with clear vision gradually improving over 1–2 weeks. Final vision quality is typically achieved at around 4–6 weeks. Despite the longer recovery, PRK produces comparable long-term visual outcomes to LASIK.
Key Differences at a Glance
Recovery time: LASIK offers a much faster recovery (clear vision within 1–2 days) compared to PRK (clear vision in 1–2 weeks).
Corneal thickness requirements: Because LASIK involves creating a flap, it requires slightly more corneal tissue than PRK. Patients with thin corneas who are not suitable for LASIK may still be excellent candidates for PRK.
Flap-related considerations: The LASIK flap, while very stable once healed, does not fuse completely. For patients in high-impact contact sports or occupations at risk of direct eye trauma, PRK is preferred as there is no flap to displace.
Dry eye: LASIK temporarily severs more corneal nerves than PRK, which can cause or worsen dry eye symptoms in the short to medium term. Patients with pre-existing dry eye disease may be better candidates for PRK.
Final visual outcome: For appropriately selected patients, LASIK and PRK produce statistically equivalent long-term visual outcomes.
SMILE — A Third Flapless Option
SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction) is a newer, flapless laser procedure that uses a femtosecond laser to create and remove a small disc of corneal tissue (lenticule) through a tiny incision. Like PRK, it does not create a flap, and may result in less dry eye than LASIK. SMILE is currently approved for myopia and myopic astigmatism. Recovery is generally faster than PRK but slightly slower than LASIK.
Who is Best Suited to Each Procedure?
LASIK tends to be the preferred choice for patients who want the fastest possible recovery, who have adequate corneal thickness, no significant dry eye, and who are not engaged in high-impact contact sports.
PRK tends to be preferred for patients with thin corneas, those involved in contact sports or occupations with eye trauma risk (such as martial arts, AFL, or military service), patients with mild to moderate dry eye, and those who prefer to avoid having a flap created in their cornea.
The right choice for you depends on a detailed assessment of your individual anatomy and lifestyle. Your surgeon will make a clear recommendation based on your pre-operative results.
Why Pre-operative Assessment is Essential
No reputable refractive surgeon will recommend a procedure — or confirm your suitability — without a thorough pre-operative workup. At Northern Eye Consultants, Dr Ross MacIntyre performs a comprehensive assessment including corneal topography and tomography, corneal thickness measurement, dry eye evaluation, wavefront aberrometry, and a full dilated eye examination before any recommendation is made. This protects your safety and ensures the best possible outcome.